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Dayi Daoxin (Chinese: 道信， Wade–Giles: Tao-hsin) (Japanese: Dōshin) (580–651) was the fourth Chán Buddhist Patriarch, following Jianzhi Sengcan 僧璨 (died 606) (Wade–Giles: Chien-chih Seng-ts'an; Japanese: Kanchi Sosan) and preceding Hongren Chinese: 弘忍) (601–674). The earliest mention of Daoxin is in the ''Hsü kao-seng chuan'' (''Further Biographies of Eminent Monks'' (645) (Pin-yin, Xu gao-seng zhuan; Japanese, Zoku kosoden;) by Tao-hsuan (d. 667)) A later source, the ''Ch'üan fa pao chi'' (''Annals of the Transmission of the Dharma-treasure''), written around 712, gives further details of Daoxin's life.〔McRae, 1986:31-33〕 As with many of the very earliest Chan masters, the accuracy of the historical record is questionable and in some cases, contradictory in details.〔“Given the tenuous nature of our sources, the sequence of the first five Chán patriarchs cannot be determined with full certainty.” Dumoulin (1994, 1998) p 98〕 The following biography is the traditional story of Daoxin, culled from various sources, including the ''Wudeng Huiyuan'' (''Compendium of Five Lamps''), compiled in the early thirteenth century by the monk Dachuan Lingyin Puji (1179–1253). ==Biography== Daoxin, whose surname was Ssu-ma, was born in or close to Huai-ning, Anhwei, north of the Yellow River.〔McRae, 1986:33〕 He began studying Buddhism at the age of seven and although his teacher was a man of impure moral conduct, Daoxin maintained the Buddhist morality on his own without his teacher’s knowledge for five or six years. According to Jianzhi Sengcan’s chronicle in the ''Compendium of Five Lamps'', Daoxin met Sengcan when he was only fourteen years old. The following exchange took place: :Daoxin: I ask for the Master’s compassion. Please instruct me on how to achieve release. :Sengcan: Is there someone who constrains () you? :Daoxin: There is no such person. :Sengcan: Why then seek release when you are constrained by no one? 〔Zong (see also :Ferguson, 2000:24)〕 Upon hearing these words, Daoxin was enlightenend. He attended to Sengcan for the next nine years. When Sengcan went to Mount Lo-fu he refused permission for Daoxin to follow him, saying “The Dharma has been transmitted from Patriarch ()dharma to me. I am going to the South and will leave you () to spread and protect (Dharma ).”(from the ''Ch’üan fa pao chi'') 〔McRae, 1986:261〕 For ten years he studied with Zhikai at Great Woods Temple on Mount Lu. Zhikai (Wade–Giles: Shih-k’ai) was an adept of the Taintai and Sanlun schools and also chanted the Buddha’s name as part of his practice; Daoxin’s practice was influenced by these other schools.〔Ferguson, 2000:26 (note: McRae disputes that Daoxin met Zhikai; see p 283, n. 60)〕 Daoxin received ordination as a monk in 607. In 617, Daoxin and some of his disciples traveled to Ji Province (modern Ji'an City in Jiangxi Province) and entered the town, which was under siege by bandits. Daoxin taught the residents the ''Mahaprajnaparamita Sutra'' (''Perfection of Wisdom'') which caused the bandits to abandon their siege. Daoxin eventually settled at East Mountain Temple on Shuangfeng ("Twin Peaks") where he taught Chan Buddhism for thirty years and attracted large numbers of practitioners, some records say five hundred laypeople and monks.〔McRae, 1986:32〕 In 643 the emperor Tai Zong invited Daoxin to the capital city but Daoxin refused to appear. Three times the emperor sent emissaries and three times Daoxin refused the invitation. The third time the emperor instructed to either bring back Daoxin or his head. When the emissary related this instruction to Daoxin, Daoxin exposed and stretched out his neck to allow the emissary to chop off his head. The envoy was so shocked he reported this event to the emperor, who then honored Daoxin as an exemplary Buddhist monk.〔Ferguson, 2000:28)〕 In August, 651, Daoxin ordered his students to build his stupa as he was soon to die. According to the ''Hsü kao-seng chuan,'' when asked by his disciples to name a successor, Daoxin replied, “I have made many deputations during my life.” 〔 He then died.〔The ''Ch’üan fa-pao chi'' (''Annals of the Transmission of the Dharma-treasure'') gives a different story regarding who would receive transmission upon Daoxin’s death. When asked, Daoxin paused and replied with a sigh, “Hung-jen is a bit better (any of the others )” (McRae, 1986:263)〕 The emperor Dai Zong honored Daoxin with the posthumous name “Dayi” (Great Healer). 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Dayi Daoxin」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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